Productization
HVAC

HVAC VAV Airflow & Damper Performance

Whether each VAV box actually delivers the supply airflow its control loop is calling for — measured airflow against the box's commanded setpoint. A box that sits below its airflow setpoint while the damper is already open is starved: a stuck damper, a collapsed flex duct, low upstream static, or an undersized box. The earliest per-terminal signal that a zone is about to lose comfort, weeks before the complaint.

01 Metric Definition

What it measures and how it is calculated

What it measures

How closely each variable-air-volume box delivers the supply airflow its control loop commands — measured airflow as a share of the commanded setpoint, over the intervals the box is actively calling for air. It is a per-terminal equipment-performance signal about whether the box can do its job, distinct from Temperature Compliance (the zone outcome) and Setpoint Compliance (operating discipline).

How it is calculated

Per box, the delivery ratio over the period is measured_cfm / commanded_cfm × 100, evaluated only over intervals where the box is calling for airflow and the damper is not at its minimum stop, so a box correctly parked at minimum is not scored as under-delivering.

A shortfall is confirmed only when the box cannot close the gap with damper authority it still has — a low ratio with the damper already near 100% open is a genuine starvation signal, while a low ratio with the damper mid-travel is a control-loop or calibration question, not a delivery fault.

The signal is read per terminal and rolled up to the floor and the serving AHU, because a cluster of starved boxes on one air handler points upstream — to duct static pressure or fan capacity — rather than to any single box.

Reference thresholds

RangeClassificationInterpretation
Delivery ratio ≥ 95% of commanded airflowExpected — deliveringThe box meets the airflow its loop calls for; comfort and ventilation on that zone have the air they need.
Delivery ratio 80 – 94% with the damper open past ~90%Under-delivering — monitorThe box is calling for more air than it receives; scope the terminal (damper travel, flex duct, upstream static) before the zone drifts out of range.
Delivery ratio below 80% with the damper saturated openStarved terminal — investigateThe box cannot get the air it needs; a stuck damper, a collapsed duct, or an AHU not holding static — pair with ahu_fan_vfd_performance to place the cause.

Reference bands only. Calibrate the delivery floor and the box minimum against the design airflow schedule for each box before reporting, because minimum ventilation stops and design maximums differ box to box.

Portfolio compliance target

The per-box target is to deliver ≥ 95% of commanded airflow whenever the box is calling for air, with a saturated damper below target treated as a starvation finding rather than a tuning question. Agree the floor per floor against the design airflow schedule.

02 Impact

How this metric moves the customer value drivers

The table below shows how moving VAV Airflow & Damper Performance impacts each customer value driver the product is designed to improve — the metric page explains the mechanism; the product pages express the magnitude.

Value driverImpact strengthHow VAV Airflow & Damper Performance moves this lever
Customer experienceDirect, primaryA box that cannot deliver its commanded airflow is the direct mechanical cause of a warm or stuffy zone the moment the load rises. Catching the shortfall per terminal turns a comfort complaint that would surface at the tenant's desk into a scoped terminal fix. Magnitude is expected (pending validation) — offices have no named Keedian reference deployment yet.
Energy savingsIndirectA starved box drives its zone to override — occupants drop setpoints or call for more cooling floor-wide — and pushes the AHU to raise duct static for one bad terminal. Fixing the delivery fault removes the reason the whole floor is run harder than it needs to be.
Asset lifespanIndirect, leading indicatorA damper that has failed toward a fixed position, or a flow sensor drifting, shows first as a delivery shortfall. Flagging it as a scoped terminal item turns a future no-cooling call into a planned actuator or sensor replacement.
03 Detection

How it surfaces and when it is reviewed

How it surfaces

Alarm
Fires when a box holds below its delivery floor with the damper saturated open for a sustained period, so a starved terminal is caught while the zone still has thermal buffer rather than after the complaint.
Equipment
The shortfall is attributed to the exact box and its serving AHU, so the technician is pointed at one terminal (or, where a cluster shares an AHU, upstream) rather than a floor of boxes.
Site
Per-box delivery shown on the floor view against each box's design airflow, with saturated-damper boxes highlighted.
Portfolio
Buildings with the most starved terminals surface in the Executive Summary, ranked so the worst-served floors are worked first.

Review cadence

Monthly
Reviewed in the MBR — the count of boxes under their delivery floor and any persistent starvation, against the floor's own trend.
Weekly
Operations reviews boxes trending down and any new saturated-damper shortfalls for a terminal visit.
Real-time
Starvation alert where configured, so a stuck damper or collapsed duct is caught while the zone still holds temperature.
04 Alarms

Principal alarms derived from this metric

The table below summarizes the alarms that fire directly from VAV Airflow & Damper Performance. Each row links to the full operational detail (trigger, preconditions, action plan, human role, escalation, prevention) in the SOPs catalog.

AlarmDescriptionSeverityTierAI executes?Value driversSOP
VAV box starved — airflow below floor with damper saturated open A VAV box is holding below its airflow delivery floor while its damper is already saturated open — it is calling for air it cannot get. Confirmed against damper authority (a low ratio with the damper mid-travel is a control or calibration question, not a starvation fault), so a genuine shortfall means a stuck damper, a collapsed flex duct, or the AHU not holding static for that box. Left alone, the zone drifts warm the moment the load rises. High Essential Hybrid Customer experience · Energy savings · Asset lifespan Open SOP →
Minimum ventilation breach — occupied box below its ventilation floor A VAV box is running below its agreed occupied minimum airflow during scheduled-occupied hours — the ventilation floor the zone needs for indoor air quality even when it is not calling for cooling. Whether from an over-aggressive energy setback that starved ventilation, a damper stuck below minimum, or a minimum set too low at commissioning, the result is a quietly under-ventilated occupied zone — the stuffy, high-CO2 room no temperature reading explains. Read against the confirmed design minimum, never a computed ventilation rate. Medium Essential Hybrid Customer experience · Energy savings Open SOP →
VAV loop hunting — damper and zone temperature oscillating around setpoint A VAV box's control loop is hunting — the damper command and the space-temperature error oscillating around setpoint during steady load instead of settling on it. It wears the modulating damper actuator with continuous travel, unsettles the zone (temperature drifting up and down, drafts as airflow swings), and pushes needless airflow swings back to the AHU's static and fan control. Caught early, a future failed-actuator no-cooling call becomes a planned retune or a scheduled actuator replacement. Medium Essential Hybrid Asset lifespan · Customer experience · Energy savings Open SOP →
More alarms in development

More alarms in development (single-metric): a slow-degradation trend that flags a box losing delivery before it saturates, and a flow-sensor-drift watch. Composite terminal alarms that weigh this metric's airflow, damper-saturation, ventilation and loop-stability alarms together will appear in a future release.

05 Actions

What to do based on the alarm

The action plan for each alarm lives on its own SOP page in the SOPs catalog — with the diagnostic steps, human role, value drivers, escalation, and prevention specific to that alarm. The list below maps each alarm to its SOP.

  • VAV box starved — airflow below floor with damper saturated open → — A VAV box is holding below its airflow delivery floor while its damper is already saturated open — it is calling for air it cannot get. Confirmed against damper authority (a low ratio with the damper mid-travel is a control or calibration question, not a starvation fault), so a genuine shortfall means a stuck damper, a collapsed flex duct, or the AHU not holding static for that box. Left alone, the zone drifts warm the moment the load rises.
  • Minimum ventilation breach — occupied box below its ventilation floor → — A VAV box is running below its agreed occupied minimum airflow during scheduled-occupied hours — the ventilation floor the zone needs for indoor air quality even when it is not calling for cooling. Whether from an over-aggressive energy setback that starved ventilation, a damper stuck below minimum, or a minimum set too low at commissioning, the result is a quietly under-ventilated occupied zone — the stuffy, high-CO2 room no temperature reading explains. Read against the confirmed design minimum, never a computed ventilation rate.
  • VAV loop hunting — damper and zone temperature oscillating around setpoint → — A VAV box's control loop is hunting — the damper command and the space-temperature error oscillating around setpoint during steady load instead of settling on it. It wears the modulating damper actuator with continuous travel, unsettles the zone (temperature drifting up and down, drafts as airflow swings), and pushes needless airflow swings back to the AHU's static and fan control. Caught early, a future failed-actuator no-cooling call becomes a planned retune or a scheduled actuator replacement.

Confirm the airflow calibration before reporting a shortfall (metric-level)

A VAV flow sensor reads pressure across a differential ring and drifts as it fouls; a shortfall against commanded airflow can be a mis-scaled or drifted flow sensor rather than a real delivery fault. Confirm the box's flow calibration and design airflow schedule before reporting a terminal as starved, so a calibration error is not dispatched as a mechanical repair.

Responsible
Keedian operations team
Urgency
High — an uncalibrated flow reading manufactures false starvation
Client approval
No

Tiered response — visibility, managed ops, then device control

What Keedian does with a delivery shortfall scales with the tier. At Essential the customer's team sees the starved box and works it themselves; at Managed, Keedian Ops runs the alarm, triages, and dispatches; at Optimized, Keedian commands the terminal directly (within the box's damper authority, with an audit trail) and refers only a genuine mechanical fault — a failed actuator or a collapsed duct — for a field visit.

Responsible
Keedian operations team (Managed/Optimized), customer team (Essential)
Urgency
Medium — a starved box loses comfort as the load rises
Client approval
No for surfacing and in-authority command — a field-device repair is scoped and approved separately
06 Escalation

When and how to escalate

Per-alarm escalation criteria live in the Escalation block of each SOP in the SOPs catalog. The patterns below are metric-level — read from the portfolio view, not from any single alarm firing.

Portfolio-level patterns — typically communicated in the MBR
  • Floors with a rising count of under-delivering boxes month over month — a duct, static, or fan-capacity review candidate rather than box-by-box repair
  • Recurring starvation on boxes served by the same AHU — pair with ahu_fan_vfd_performance to place the cause upstream
  • Boxes that keep starving after a terminal repair — flag the controller or flow sensor for a deeper look
Cross-alarm urgency — typically requires out-of-cycle communication
  • A starved box on a zone with a known heat load (a server closet, a full meeting floor) where comfort loss is imminent — direct action before the complaint
  • A cluster of boxes on one AHU all losing airflow at once — an upstream static or fan fault; escalate the AHU, not the boxes
07 Prevention

Controls to avoid recurring issues

Configuration controls

  • Record each box's design airflow schedule (minimum and maximum CFM) as the reference the delivery ratio is scored against
  • Verify the flow-sensor scaling and the damper travel range at onboarding so a shortfall reflects the terminal, not a calibration error
  • Confirm which boxes share each AHU so a clustered shortfall can be read upstream

Monitoring controls

  • Alert on a sustained delivery shortfall with the damper saturated open, weighted to sustained excursions rather than single intervals
  • Trend per-box delivery next to the serving AHU's duct static so a starvation cause can be read upstream
  • Watch for boxes whose delivery degrades slowly — an early fouling or actuator-wear signature

Reporting controls

  • Include the count of under-delivering boxes per floor in the MBR against the floor's own trend
  • Flag saturated-damper starvation explicitly, separate from mid-travel tuning questions
  • Maintain a per-box delivery log so a recurring terminal fault is visible across visits